Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Osteoporosis and its Management among Menopausal women in selected rural areas in Bangalore District
Chithra KM
Research Scholar, Jeghsdish Prasad Jhebermal Tibrewala University, Vidyanagari, Rajasthan.
*Corresponding Author Email: aswpublication@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Osteoporosis is a systematic progressive disease, is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in ageing postmenopausal women. It is an important public health problem because of its significant complications, namely fractures of proximal femur, vertebrae, distal forearm, proximal humerus, pelvis and other skeletal sites. Compared with other osteoporotic fractures incur the greatest morbidity and direct medical costs for health services. There are now a variety of treatments available for the management of osteoporosis. Prevention of osteoporosis with identification of risk factors, careful examination and a few simple diagnostic test during teen and early adult years is superior to treatment of old individuals. Methods: The research approach for the present study adopted was Quasi experimental evaluative approach with one group pretest posttest design. The data were collected by using self administered structured knowledge questionnaire from 60 menopausal women who were selected by using convenient sampling technique. Validity of the tool was obtained, by sending the tool to seven experts and reliability of tool was established by, split half method. Pretest was followed by PTP and posttest was conducted after seventh day of the teaching. The data obtained was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In this study the overall mean knowledge score in the pretest was 47% and 72.56 in the posttest with the enhancement of 25.56% and it is significant at 5% level. Among the demographic variables analyzed in the study it was inferred that there is a significant association between knowledge score and the selected v demographic variables. The result reveals the effectiveness of the PTP. Interpretation: The findings of the study reveal that the knowledge of the menopausal women was not satisfactory before the PTP. The posttest knowledge score shows significant increase in knowledge of menopausal women. Hence, the PTP was an effective method of providing information and improving the knowledge of menopause women. Conclusion: Providing an effective education to the menopausal women enable them to aware about osteoporosis and empowering them with adequate knowledge which in turn contributes, to improve the total quality of their lives.
KEYWORDS: Knowledge, Planned Teaching progmme, Menopausal women, Effectiveness, Osteoporosis.
INTRODUCTION:
Menopause is a natural biological stage in women’s life. It marks the end of her reproductive years. The major health risks associated with menopause are osteoporosis and coronary artery disease.
Osteoporosis is a common musculoskeletal disorder, referred as silent disease that often remains asymptomatic until bone fracture occur. Osteoporosis is one of the metabolic bone disorders and remains increasingly significant problem, affecting 200 million individuals worldwide. One out of every two women and out of every four men over 50, is prone to develop osteoporosis related fracture of the hip, vertebrae, or wrist in their life time.1
NEED FOR THE STUDY:
Osteoporosis is a global problem which happens when bone loses too much calcium and become weak. This is usually discovered only after a fracture occurs, or if person shows reduced height and humping of the back, or suffers low back pain.2 It is most common in women after many. Currently it is estimated the over 200 million people worldwide suffer from this disease. Approximately 30% of all postmenopausal women have osteoporosis in the US and Europe.3
A worldwide study revealed that worldwide population of postmenopausal women which was 470 million is expected to 1.2 million by the year 2030 and 76% of these women would be living in developing countries. In India, it is projected that by the year 2030.4 The population of postmenopausal women will be the 2nd highest in the world. It is projected that more than about 50% of all osteoporosis hip fractures will occur in Asia by the year 2050. According to a recent estimation there are 300million people with osteoporosis v in India and may be a 50% increase in the number of people with osteoporosis in India in the next 10 years.5
OBJECTIVES:
· To assess the knowledge of menopausal women regarding osteoporosis and its management.
· To develop and administer planned Teaching Programme regarding osteoporosis and its management among menopausal women.
· To evaluate the effectiveness of PTP to compare the pretest and posttest knowledge scores of menopausal women.
· To find the association between post test knowledge score with selected demographic variables of menopausal women.
HYPOTHESIS:
H1: There will be a significant difference between pretest and posttest knowledge scores regarding osteoporosis and it's management among menopausal women.
H2: There will be a significant association between the post test scores of knowledges with selected demographic variables.
VARIABLES:
Independent variable:
Planned Teaching Programme is the independent variable in this study.
Dependent variable:
Knowledge of postmenopausal women regarding osteoporosis and it's management is a dependent variable.
Extraneous Variable:
Age, education, occupation, family monthly income, religion, type of family, size of family, source of information.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Quasi experimental - one group pretest posttest research design used in this study. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to draw samples. The data was collected from 60 postmenopausal women by using the self-administered structured questionnaire. PTP was conducted and post test was administered after 7 days using the same structured questionnaire to find out the effectiveness of the PTP.
Criteria for selection of samples:
The samples were selected based on the following criteria:
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
· 45- 65 years old menopausal women of selected rural areas.
· The menopausal women who are present at the time of study.
· women who know Kannada and English.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
· Women those who do not attain menopause.
· Women who are not willing to participate in the study
The tool was developed by the investigator after reviewing the related literature and guidance from the experts in the field.
Section I:
It comprised of demographic variable which consist of 9 items such as; age, education, occupation, religion, type of family, size of family, income of family, family history of osteoporosis and source of information.
Section II:
This part of questionnaire consists of 30 items related to knowledge of menopausal women on osteoporosis and it's management. This questionnaire had 6 main areas namely:
a. Knowledge on introduction and definition - (6)
b. Epidemiological factors of osteoporosis - (3)
c. Types of osteoporosis - (1)
d. Signs and symptoms of osteoporosis - (3)
e. Diagnostic test of osteoporosis -(2)
f. Management and preventive measures of osteoporosis - (15)
Scoring:
|
S. No |
Level of knowledge |
Mean percentage |
|
1 |
Adequate knowledge |
>75% |
|
2 |
Moderate knowledge |
51- 75% |
|
3 |
Inadequate knowledge |
<50% |
RESULTS:
Findings of the knowledge of menopausal women regarding osteoporosis and its management is;
The pretest mean percentage in all aspects of knowledge was 47 with SD 3.468. The level of knowledge distribution shows that 50(83.33%) subjects had inadequate knowledge. In (16.7%) had moderate knowledge and none of them had adequate knowledge. it denotes the menopausal women need to be educated on osteoporosis and its management.
Finding related on develop and administer PTP regarding osteoporosis and its management among menopausal women.
The knowledge score among menopausal women before PTP was inadequate. 83% of them had inadequate knowledge, 16% had moderately adequate knowledge and none of them had adequate knowledge.
Findings of evaluate the effectiveness of PTP to compare pretest and posttest knowledge scores of menopausal women.
The overall mean knowledge score (21.77) obtained by the subjects in the posttest was higher than the mean knowledge score (14.10) obtained by the subjects in the pretest. The mean score of overall improvement was 7.67.
There was significant difference between the pretest and posttest knowledge score with the 't‘value of 12.854 and found to be significant at p<0.05 level. This implies that PTP was effective in improving the knowledge regarding osteoporosis and its management among menopausal women. Hence the research hypothesis H1 was accepted.
Finding of association between posttest knowledge score with selected demographic variable of menopausal women.
The association between pretest knowledge score of the subjects with selected demographic variables such as age, religion, type of family, previous educational status, family income, source of information was statistically significant at p<0.05 level. Hence the hypothesis H2 was accepted.
|
S. No |
Level of knowledge |
Pre Test |
% |
Post Test |
% |
|
1 |
Inadequate |
50 |
83.3 |
0 |
0 |
|
2 |
Moderately |
10 |
16.7 |
27 |
45 |
|
3 |
Adequate |
0 |
0 |
33 |
55 |
|
|
TOTAL |
60 |
100 |
60 |
100 |
DISCUSSION:
Here this study evaluated the effectiveness of PTP on knowledge regarding osteoporosis and its management among menopausal women in Bangalore District. A quasi-experimental pretest posttest design was used to assess the effectiveness of PTP among menopausal women. A structured knowledge questionnaire used to collect data.
A PTP was implemented to find out the effectiveness. Association of post test knowledge score with demographic variables was done by using Chi -square test. Present study showed that age, religion, income, type of family, previous educational status, source of information are significantly associated with the posttest knowledge scores.
The investigator found that there was a significant association between the posttest knowledge score with demographic variables. Hence the hypothesis (H2) is proved.
CONCLUSION:
Providing an effective education to the menopausal women enable them to aware about osteoporosis and empowering them with adequate knowledge which in turn contributes to improve the total quality of their lives.
REFERENCE:
1. Sozen, T., Ozısık, L., and Basaran, N. Ç. (2017). An overview and management of osteoporosis. European Journal of Rheumatology, 4(1), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.5152/ eurjrheum.2016.048 (Accessed: 04 April 2021).
2. NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases ~ National Resource Center (2021) Osteoporosis Overview, Available at: https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/bone/osteoporosis/ overview (Accessed: 19 may 2021).
3. Salari, N., Ghasemi, H., Mohammadi, L. et al. The global prevalence of osteoporosis in the world: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 16, 609 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02772-0 (Accessed: 21 July 2021).
4. Hill K. (1996). The demography of menopause. Maturitas, 23(2), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5122(95)00968-x (Accessed: 05 may 2021).
5. Gullberg, B., Johnell, O., and Kanis, J. A. (1997). World-wide projections for hip fracture. Osteoporosis International: a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 7(5), 407–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00004148 (Accessed: 06 June 2021).
Received on 08.12.2022 Modified on 22.12.2022
Accepted on 01.01.2023 ©AandV Publications All right reserved
Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2023; 13(1):33-35.
DOI: 10.52711/2349-2996.2023.00008